Now Black Holes Can Be Reproduce in Laboratory

Black Holes have always fascinated scientist due to their mysterious properties, but there is much to be learned about them. These strange regions once thought to be absent of light before research found that actually these are the regions with such an extreme gravitational force that nothing, not even light can escape from their surface.

ccording to a latest invention Black Holes (imitation of Black Hole actually) can be reproduce in laboratory now!

Black Holes: What are

they?

Let’s understand it through the example of our own earth:

The mass of earth creates the gravity the pulls the things towards it. With enough power we can escape the earth’s gravitational force. This is how space vehicles leave the earth’s atmosphere.

Now if we squeeze the size of earth to that of a marble. This will increase the mass and gravitational force of earth to such extent that it would be impossible to bypass that force. Black holes are also regions with such a large mass and gravitational force that not even light can escape from them. Due to this it is not possible to view Black holes, but their presence can be realized only by the nearby activities.

Till now scientist have done extensive research about these strange regions in the universe. We know how they born, where they occur, and why they exists in different sizes, but there is much to know about them.

How to Know More about Black Holes?:

Dartmouth researchers have now proposed a new way to explore Black Holes. They plan to reproduce the black hole at a smaller scale in laboratory.  A paper has been published in this regard in Physical Review Letters, August 20 issue.

This method of creating tiny black holes of quantum size will help scientist to understand the insights of Black holes. Stephen Hawking, eminent space scientist had proposed that, Black Holes are not totally void of activity and they emit radiations in the form of photon. This radiation is known as Hawking Radiation or Bekenstein-Hawking radiation.

According to Paul Nation, a co-author of paper and Dartmouth graduate student,

“Hawking famously showed that black holes radiate energy according to a thermal spectrum. His calculations relied on assumptions about the physics of ultra-high energies and quantum gravity. Because we can’t yet take measurements from real black holes, we need a way to recreate this phenomenon in the lab in order to study it, to validate it.”

Scientist has shown that how a magnetic field-pulse microwave transmission line containing an array of superconducting quantum interference devices can reproduce physics analogous to a radiating black hole. This system can be controlled in laboratory and quantum mechanics properties. They can also manipulate the strength of applied magnetic field.

Past Attempts in this Field:

Creation of Black Holes in Laboratory has been proposed before by scientists. It has been proposed using supersonic fluid flows, ultracold bose-einstein condensates and nonlinear fiber optic cables. But the main problem in these schemes was weak Hawking radiation or masked radiation due to overheating of device. This latest scheme is much more efficient than previous proposed models.

Authors of Paper:Paul Nation, Alexander Rimberg, Eyal Buks and Miles Blencowe.

Next after 3G: 4G Technology

Fourth Generation (4G) mobiles

4G also called as Fourth-Generation Communications System, is a term used to describe the next step in wireless communications. A 4G system can provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia can be provided to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis. The data transfer rates are also much higher than previous generations.

The main objectives of 4G are:

1)4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system.

2)This will be capable of providing 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s speeds both indoors and outdoors.

3)It can provide premium quality and high security.

4)4G offer all types of services at an affordable cost.

4G is developed to provide high quality of service (QoS) and rate requirements set by forthcoming applications such as wireless broadband access, Multimedia Messaging, Video Chat, Mobile TV, High definition TV content, DVB, minimal service like voice and data, and other streaming services.

4G technology allow high-quality smooth video transmission. It will enable fast downloading of full-length songs or music pieces in real time.

The business and popularity of 4Gmobiles is predicted to be very vast. On an average, by 2009, this 4Gmobile market will be over $400B and it will dominate the wireless communications, and its converged system will replace most conventional wireless infrastructure.

Data Rates For 4G:

The downloading speed for mobile Internet connections is from 9.6 kbit/s for 2G cellular at present. However, in actual use the data rates are usually slower, especially in crowded areas, or when there is congestion in network.

4G mobile data transmission rates are planned to be up to 20 megabits per second which means that it will be about 10-20 times faster than standard ASDL services.

In terms of connection seeds, 4G will be about 200 times faster than present 2G mobile data rates, and about 10 times faster than 3G broadband mobile. 3G data rates are currently 2Mbit/sec, which is very fast compared to 2G's 9.6Kbit/sec.

Hyundai unveils its first EV

The BlueOn is an electric version of the Hyundai i10 hatchback. Hyundai first showcased an all-electric i10 prototype at the 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show.

(Credit: Hyundai Motors)

At a ceremony on Thursday, Korean automaker Hyundai Motors unveiled the BlueOn, its first highway-legal all-electric vehicle.

The car is an electric version of the Hyundai i10 hatchback which was showcased as an electric concept car at the2009 Frankfurt Motor Show. The BlueOn is so named because it's a version of Hyundai's Blue Drive eco-friendly lineup that you can "switch on," according to Hyundai.

The BlueOn can be driven up to 140 kilometers (about 87 miles) on a single charge, and has a maximum speed of 130 kilometers per hour (80 mph).

The car will fully recharge from a 220-volt outlet, the Korean household standard, in six hours. It will also charge up to 80 percent capacity in 25 minutes when charged from a 380-volt fast-charging station, according to Hyundai.

Power comes from a lithium-ion polymer battery made by Korean battery maker SK Energy, which also makes similar batteries for Mitsubishi Fuso's hybrid electric vehicles. Hyundai claims its battery for the BlueOn weighs 30 percent less than a standard nickel-metal hydride battery.

The BlueOn also has a few new features not seen on most EVs currently being sold. In addition to showing charging status, the car comes equipped with a telematics system that alerts the driver to the location of the nearest recharging station. In addition, it has what Hyundai refers to as a Virtual Engine Sound System (VESS), an artificial engine sound intended to let pedestrians know the BlueOn is approaching.

Present at the unveiling ceremony was Korean President Lee Myung-Bak, who took the car for a test drive with Hyundai Vice Chairman Hyun-Soon Lee.

"Consumers' interests and demand for eco-friendly cars are rising and securing such advanced technology is critical in becoming an industry leader. Hyundai is dedicated to reducing its carbon footprint and satisfying market needs," Lee said in a statement.

Hyundai will have 30 BlueOn cars in place with various Korean government agencies by October for a pilot program, with plans to produce 2,500 cars for sale to the general public by 2012. The pilot program will be used to promote awareness, as well as test Korea's charging infrastructure, according to Hyundai.

The Korean automaker estimates that it spent 40 billion won ($34 million) in research and development over a one-year period to develop the BlueOn.

rubber balls bounced: MATERIALS ENGINEERING, LONG AGO

Just about everybody’s bounced a rubber ball. But making that ball bounce the first time was quite an accomplishment. Who did it? We’ll see. Today, on Engineering Works! Listen to the podcast.We’re used to high-tech materials. Lightweight composites. Super strong adhesives. Polymers that shift shape on command. And it’s easy to think that coming up with new materials or changing old ones is something new. It’s not. 

Take latex, or rubber, for instance. Charles Goodyear invented the process we call, vulcanization, in 1839. Before that, rubber was sticky stuff that got soft in heat and stiff in cold. Goodyear’s process gave us the tough rubber that we use in everything from tires to rubber boots rubber bands. Goodyear’s process was important, but the Mayans in Central America were probably the first to understand how to change latex into more useful forms. And they did it hundreds of years before Goodyear. Mayans mixed latex with juice from the morning glory plant and got rubber that they used for all sorts of stuff. Rubber balls. Rubber bands. Rubber sandals. 

"Rubber statues. Adhesives, glue.The interesting part of this is that each of these things uses a different kind of rubber. Bouncy for balls. Tough for sandals. Sticky for adhesives. What they got depended on how much of morning glory juice they added to the raw liquid latex. But they did it and it worked.We’ve done it for today and it’s time to bounce out of here. See you next time."

Focus EV to Use Liquid thermal Battery control !

Focus Electric

(Credit: Ford Motor)

Owners of the new Ford Focus Electric won't have to worry about going out to warm up the car before driving on a winter's day, the car will warm up its battery pack automatically if left plugged in.

Ford announced Thursday its Focus Electric, due out next year in the U.S., will contain a lithium ion battery pack with a liquid-based thermal management system.

In addition to keeping the car's battery within a preferred temperature range while engaged, the system also kicks in to cool or warm the car's battery pack as needed while it's plugged in for a charge.

The closed loop system reacts to external temperatures and the battery pack's temperature, then heats or chills the car's battery coolant accordingly before circulating it through the battery pack. On a cold day, the system heats the liquid then pumps it through the battery pack's cooling channels to warm up the battery. On a hot day, the coolant is chilled then circulated through the same system, but in this instance absorbs battery heat and then disperses it through a radiator.

When plugged in to charge, the Focus Electric will always first check its battery pack's temperature, according to Ford. The company explained earlier this month that both the Focus Electric and Transit Connect Electric will have a sensor system using Internet and wireless technology to collect real-time performance data on the car and monitor its battery.

If on a winter's night a traveler, for example, plugs in the Focus Electric to charge and the battery pack is too cold to optimally accept a charge, the car will not engage in charging mode. It will instead have the liquid thermal system warm the battery up to an optimal temperature, then allow the charging to begin. It will then continue to maintain its battery pack's temperature as needed throughout the charging.

Ford calls this preconditioning the battery, a step it says is crucial in maximizing a battery's efficiency and range, as well as elongating the overall battery life.

"The lithium ion batteries for the Focus Electric will be made by Compact Power, a subsidiary of LG Chem, Ford announced in July."

While the technology is undoubtedly innovative, Ford is not alone in its choice to use a liquid thermal management system to maintain battery pack temperature. General Motors, which is using batteries supplied by LG Chem in South Korea for the Chevy Volt, also chose to use a liquid heating and cooling system for the battery pack. Tesla has also said it's using a liquid-based cooling system for its electric car battery packs.

Nissan, meanwhile, has said it uses an air-cooling system for the battery pack in its all-electric Nissan Leaf. The method of battery cooling was publicly criticized by Tesla's Elon Musk as "primitive," though some have questioned the validity of Musk's Nissan "trash talk."

The all-electric Focus Electric, which will be built in Ford's Wayne, Mich., assembly plant, will have a range of about 100 miles per charge. It is expected to be available to U.S. consumers in late 2011, and to European consumers in 2012.

man or robot:Cyberdyne is coming with the world latest technology of robot

A Japanese Company Cyberdyne 


is coming whit the world latest technology of robot. It is very interested to know that really it is very interesting device because it helps to disable people, we can know it the name of this device, HAL or Hybrid Assistive limb, it is a very unimaginative robotic suit for all robotic fans who are waiting for something special in this robotic field. This unimaginative robotic suit is very helpful for all disable and elderly people because it has the quality of reading brain signal and has far reaching benefits. This technology is the latest technology for the robotic field and it based on the computerized technology which has come with sensors device. In this robotic suit, reads brain signal and directs limb movement always comes through the skin which helps to disable and elderly people for moving around. It is very easy to use for them because it is worn as a belt around the waist and operated by a22 pound battery.

The Japanese company has come with this product of the cost of $1,500 for a monthly rental fee. Why we are saying so much about this interesting product because it really works so well how, first it has a sensor whish help for capture the brain signal and it goes thorough mechanical legs braces strapped to the thighs and knees. Which then provide robotic help to disable people where they want to move any where? Really this product are very useful and it will be very useful and helpful for medical line where a lot of disable people who can not do any thing whit out any help so Japanese are really such a god for them who are bringing this helpful robotic suit.

latest Technology and new feature :cycle like Mercedes ?

How cool is this new Mercedes Concept Car?

It sure looks like an old-fashioned carriage, but according to Mercedes-Benz this will be the car for the future. Built with large spoked wheels, Mercedes-Benz has decided to go with traditional design features and latest technology. Good combination?

say very cool car , is powered by a hybrid drive system using an emission-free fuel cell. With a top speed of 15.5 miles an hour (25 km/h) you won´t be late for work. 

Taking a look inside this amazing car we will find carbon-fiber bucket seats with hand-stitched leather covers and a distinctively styled fiberglass front section that is inspired by Formula One racing cars. The car is controlled by a joystick instead of a regular steering wheel.

THE LATEST NEW FIBER OPTIC TECHNOLOGIES !!

Baseband video consists of one video picture being sent point-to-point, such as the video output of a VCR to the video input of a monitor. Figure 1 illustrates simple point-to-point transmission. There exist two levels of service for baseband video: broadcast studio and consumer. These types describe, primarily, the quality of the signal. Broadcast studio quality requires a much higher signal fidelity, while consumer quality baseband requires is less demanding. In addition to the difference in signal fidelity, there is also a difference in the connectors typically used for the transmission of these signals. The broadcast baseband applications typically use a BNC connector and the consumer baseband applications typically uses an RCA connector.
 
 Baseband Video Signals
The most basic form of a television signal is a baseband video signal, also referred to as a composite video signal. In an AM baseband system, the input signal directly modulates the strength of the transmitter output, in this case light. The baseband signal contains information relative to creating the television picture only. The following information is carried on a baseband signal:

• Scanning: drawing the television picture
• Luminance: the brightness of the picture
• Chrominance: the color of the picture

The creation of the baseband signal produces a range of frequency components. The highest frequency in a baseband signal is also its bandwidth. The lowest frequency ranges close to zero Hz or DC. The video output of a television camera or video tape recorder has its highest frequency, therefore, its bandwidth, at either 4.2 or 6 MHz, depending on the type of TV format used. Looking at an actual baseband signal, illustrated in Figure 3, we can see that the camera and the video display are scanned horizontally and vertically. The horizontal lines on the screen are scanned alternately, with the odd numbered lines first and the even numbered lines second, or vice versa. (Figure 3B depicts the initial scan of the odd numbered lines.) This method is known as an interlacing system. The second method is to scan the lines sequentially; this is known as progressive Scanning. The camera and receiver must be synchronized when scanning and reproducing an image. The horizontal and vertical sync pulses regulate the synchronization of the camera and receiver, illustrated in both 3B and 3C, and starts a horizontal trace. As seen in Figure 3A, during the horizontal blanking interval, the beam returns to the left side of the screen and waits for the horizontal sync pulse before tracing another line. The dotted line illustrated the horizontal retrace. When the beam reaches the bottom of the screen, it must return to the top to begin the next field. This is called the vertical retrace, which is signaled by the vertical sync pulse illustrated in Figure 3C. The vertical retrace takes much longer than the horizontal retrace, therefore, a vertical blanking interval ensues to synchronize the two signals. During both the horizontal or vertical blanking intervals no information appears on the screen. (from http://fiber-optic-tech.blogspot.com)

Sony 3D Camera

3d camera by sony

The Sony Cyber-Shot DSC-TX9 and DSC-WX5 are touted as the smallest 3D cameras in the world (and they are also affordable). In the past, 3D cameras were only affordable by those in the film industry or contractors who have money to burn. This is now no longer the case. Although these cameras do not support video, they are an amazing advancement of the whole 3D technology industry. They are putting 3D in the hands of consumers. Although getting that perfect 3D shot is not promised as an easy task with these cameras; the ability to do so with an ordinary digital camera device is something that should not be scoffed at.

Of course to take advantage of the 3D imagery that is shot via these cameras will require a 3D television. You also have the option of just shooting your shots with a 2D lens. The cameras have support for the various SD cards available on the market so storage will never be an issue. However, the real selling point for this camera is its capacity to shoot photos in 3D. Now you not only be able to support your memories with photos, but actually get close enough to full immersion in them to almost relive the moments!

layout of camera

Although 3D televisions are expensive, the technology to really utilize them is starting to catch up. It seems like 3D has made a massive jump from expensive fantasy into consumer reality overnight. The technology might have some kinks, but it is to be expected when anything new starts to take hold on the consumer market. I would be surprised if we don’t have affordable 3D video cameras available for consumer use in the next five years at the speed the industry is growing. However, having an affordable camera that takes 3D stills is something I never expected to see so suddenly.(by ram)

Most Efficient Engine !

The Most Efficient Engine
Would you be in favor of a diverse transportation system capable of providing increased mobility to the majority of the world's people with minimum environmental impact and small investment demands? What is it, you ask, this efficient, inexpensive, and rehumanizing system? Why, human power, of course!

Human Powered Vehicles (HPVs) are typically ignored when studies are done and plans made concerning transportation alternatives. That's a crying shame, because in the world as a whole HPVs are the true workhorses of society. Despite the enormous resources that are squandered to support automobiles, most people in the world will never own one. The bare fact is that the greatest share of the world's transportation needs can be and are being met by human power.

Bicycles outnumber cars on our planet by two to one; each year bicycle production outpaces automobile production by three to one. In fact, bicycles in Asia alone transport more people than all the world's cars! There's a bridge in Guangzhou (Canton), China, that serves as the main artery over the Zhujian river. It has three narrow lanes in the center for motorized transport; outside that, on either side, are bicycles lanes that provide almost twice the width available to the cars and buses! During the rush hours in Asia, bicycles account for two-thirds of all the vehicles on the road.

What can human power do? In Bogota, Colombia, the city's largest bakery has a fleet of 900 delivery tricycles, which deliver to over 60,000 shops. In Asia, bicycles and tricycles transport almost anything one can imagine; in Nicaragua, health workers use them to reach remote villages and farms. Australian and northern European postal workers deliver mail by bicycle. Dairy deliveries go by bike or trike in Kenya, and in the U.S. fearless bicycle messengers outpace gridlocked inner-city traffic. In Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic, 5,000 tricycles circulate much of the city's fresh food, coal, scrap metal, and various materials for recycling.

Police forces in London, Victoria (British Columbia), New York City, Los Angeles, Seattle, and numerous other towns and cities worldwide have bicycle patrols. The benefits realized include greater mobility and a friendlier, less intimidating presence. This leads to greater effectiveness in enforcement and better community interaction with and support of law enforcement personnel.

Compared to internal-combustion vehicles, bicycles truly shine, because their "engine" is the human body. For example, a typical human engine can power a bicycle for three and one-half miles on the calories from a single ear of corn! No distilling or refining other than what our bodies naturally provide is necessary.

Bicycles use less energy per passenger mile than any other form of transportation, including walking. A medium-sized car uses approximately 1,860 calories per passenger mile; public buses average 920, rail transport about 885, and walking roughly 100 calories per "passenger" mile. A bicycle comes in at about 35 calories per passenger mile!



In the U.S., bicycles are most often thought of as toys; only about one in forty is used regularly for commuting. Yet the majority of car commutes are the most inefficient possible use of an automobile. More than half of all commutes in the U. S. and more than three-quarters in the U. K. are less than eight kilometers (about five miles). This is a reasonable cycling distance; it is also the range in which internal-combustion engines get the poorest mileage and emit the most pollution.




Some cities, states, and even entire countries have already recognized the fantastic potential of human-powered transportation and taken steps to enhance and promote it. In China, bicycle avenues with five or six lanes are common, as is plenty of safe and convenient bicycle parking. The government provides a monthly allowance for cycling to work. The Palo Alto, California city government pays its employees by the mile for business travel done by bike. Alza Corporation, in the same town, pays bike-commuting employees a dollar per day. Numerous northern European countries provide extensive, coordinated bikeways in both urban and rural areas complete with traffic signs and signals of their own. Bike paths in Sweden and other European countries are plowed in the winter!

More and more large urban transit districts (including Seattle, Washington and San Diego, California) have buses with exterior racks for commuter bicycles. Trains in Europe have portions of baggage cars set aside for "wheel in, wheel out" bicycle transport. Pro-bicycle planning in numerous western European countries has had excellent results. Bicycles and tricycles account for 20-30 percent of all urban trips in Denmark and Holland - up to 50 percent in some towns! In these two countries, and in Germany, bicycle owners outnumber non-owners.

There are simple, inexpensive solutions to the majority of the present obstacles to increased use of HPVs. In urban areas with effective mass transit, "bike and ride" capabilities can be added. Bicycles designed to fold, pack away, or otherwise take up as little space as possible (when carried on public transit vehicles, for example) have been available for decades. Existing "motorways" often need no more than lane markers and signs to provide adequate access to human-powered vehicles. New roads can automatically include this space in their design and construction, as it is far cheaper to build it in that to add it later.



James McGurn, author and cyclist, has this to say: "The bicycle is the vehicle of a new mentality. It quietly challenges a system of values which condones dependency, wastage, inequality of mobility and daily carnage...there is every reason why cycling should be helped to enjoy another golden age." Think about it. The list of benefits for both individuals and societies is almost as long as the backup at your local intersection during rush hour.

Germanium Laser is the Latest Light Technology to be Unveiled

The materials in lasers can be expensive and difficult to work with. A discovery at MIT may be changing all of that much sooner than we think as germanium laser technology is here and it is very real. The beauty of this latest technology is that there isn’t even a large call to change manufacturing specs as they exist because germanium can easily be incorporated into designs that are already in place.

Light technology is nothing new. In fact, it seems to be stealing all of the headlines these days. The scientific community is quickly figuring out that the sun can be used for a lot more than just heating up homes and powering cars. Light can be a very powerful resource if it is used properly. Researchers have been making great strides in many different areas regarding this kind of technology and the recent proving of indirect-band-gap semiconductors yielding practical lasers has everyone sitting up and taking notice.

A challenge that is being realized as computers and other electronic devices become more advanced is that the communication process is getting to the point that current technology is holding back advancements. Data is being streamed faster and faster and as the possibility of that rate increases, a new transfer of that data is going to have to be created.

laser at smallest focus

This is where germanium laser technology has the chance to truly make a name. Instead of transporting date in manners that we now consider to be the norm, date transfer via laser beam would be more power efficient and much cheaper than turbo-charging the devices as they are now. Because of the speed and power that is needed, the cost of everything would go dramatically up if a different solution is not found.

For all of this to fall into place, germanium will now have to be integrated into the manufacturing process of lasers. What we would consider a standard laser today would be a very challenging fit to use for purposes such as this. However, by creating a germanium laser, the entire makeup of everything is changed and a laser beam that transfers data in now a reality.

Before anyone gets too excited, there is still progress to be made. Just like other earth-shattering discoveries that have been announced over the last few weeks, this process is hardly efficient enough to deliver on what is anticipated. That day will surely come though as the groundwork has been laid and it is now just a matter of the researchers fine tuning the process.